• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    In a photovoltaic module (1), which is constructed in multiple layers and forms an encapsulated unit, wherein the photovoltaic module (1) comprises a photovoltaic layer (5), wherein on the photovoltaic layer (5) a front electrode layer (4) and an overlying protective cover layer ( 2) is arranged laminated and wherein at least one film (3) between the front electrode layer (4) and the protective cover layer (2) is arranged laminated as part of the photovoltaic module (1), a camouflage of the photovoltaic module (1) and simulation of natural materials created become. This is achieved in that the at least one film (3) is transparent or translucent and forms isolated transparent sections (300), so that the photovoltaic layer (5) is at least partially visible through the film (3) and the film (3 ) is covered in a plurality of coated film sections (301) with a coating, wherein the coating at least approximately completely reflects light in the visible spectral range, absorbs or scatters and transmits light in the infrared range to at least 50%.
    公开号:CH711102A2
    申请号:CH00682/15
    申请日:2015-05-18
    公开日:2016-11-30
    发明作者:Schmid René
    申请人:Schmid René；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Technical area
    The present invention describes a photovoltaic module which is multi-layered and forms an encapsulated unit, wherein the photovoltaic module comprises a photovoltaic layer, wherein on the photovoltaic layer, a front electrode layer and an overlying protective cover layer is laminated and wherein at least one film between the front-side electrode layer and the protective cover layer is arranged as part of the photovoltaic module laminated and a facade element.
    State of the art
    The potential for the coverage of building envelopes with photovoltaic modules is large. While so far mainly roof areas are used for electricity production, the coverage of facade surfaces is interesting. Many homeowners are reluctant, as the widely used silicon-based solar cell modules have a typical monotone blue-black color and reflective appearance. Above all, the building integration of photovoltaic modules (PVM) can contribute to the achievement of the envisaged and decided energy transition.
    A photovoltaic module, or solar module, which is part of a photovoltaic system, converts the radiation of a portion of the daylight directly into electricity. The mainly known silicon-based PVM form a laminated structure, which is permanently attachable to a facade surface. Silicon is the second most abundant element of the earth's crust in high quantities and the knowledge of the production of individual solar cells and photovoltaic modules formed from them has been present for many years. In addition to monocrystalline and multicrystalline silicon solar cells and amorphous silicon solar cells are known and have an acceptable current efficiency and efficiency. The production of such multilayer PVM is also optimized, so that weatherproof and corrosion resistant PVMs which are therefore durable for decades are commercially available. In the production of photovoltaic modules, the individual layers are stacked and laminated, so that an encapsulation of the layers and thus an optimal corrosion protection of the solar module is achieved.
    Such silicon-based photovoltaic modules have a typical for photovoltaic modules usually reflective blue-black appearance. The dark blue shiny metallic silicon layers are clearly visible and lead to the typical always same monotonous appearance. In order to make photovoltaic modules a little more inconspicuous and to prevent the typically blue metallic mirrored appearance, the surface of the protective glass of modules may be frosted, for example by means of sandblasting. Partially transparent or translucent glass layers could also be used to cover the solar cells, which are slightly colored and correspondingly transmit less radiation. With such colored glass layers, the usual appearance of silicon solar cells can hardly be eliminated.
    It is known to those skilled in the art that the protective cover layer, usually in the form of a protective glass surface, can not simply be lacquered or glued to the variation of the visual appearance, which is possible, for example, when satellite dishes are made invisible. The efficiency of the solar cells would be reduced too much, because a coating deteriorates the access of the radiation to the photoactive layer. With an ornamentation of the surface of the PVM, commercially available photovoltaic modules can therefore not be made inconspicuous.
    In October 2014, the company CSEM, Prof. dr. Christophe Ballif presented a stray filter for photovoltaic modules, which will allow to produce photovoltaic modules with white or colored appearance. By using this scatter filter photovoltaic modules can be reached, which reflect a part of the visible radiation and transmit the infrared radiation. The human eye perceives such PVM as single-color white, yellow or generally monochrome surfaces, whereby neither the typical color nor the grain of silicon-based solar cells can be seen.
    The goal here is to hide the monotone known phenomenon of PVMs. This could possibly convince builders that green energy production can also be inconspicuous, which could lead to more acceptance. In addition to the construction industry, for example in areas of electronics and in the automotive industry, it is of interest if products can be equipped with hidden solar modules. In these technical areas, you also want to hide photovoltaic modules and place less noticeable than before, so that they are not obvious and from a distance recognizable as such.
    The appearance of the wishes of the users but so far can only be adapted to a limited extent. The sun-facing surface of the photovoltaic modules represents only a flat monochrome surface, which is still perceived as a foreign body, for example, when mounted on facades. It is also not yet possible to create photovoltaic modules with a natural stone, wood or plaster optics, so that used silicon-based solar cells comprehensive photovoltaic modules are still easily recognizable.
    Presentation of the invention
    The present invention has for its object to provide silicon-based photovoltaic modules, which have no typical blue-black reflective surface and are camouflaged so that they are not visible from a distance as PVM.
    This object is achieved by the arrangement of a film as part of the photovoltaic module, wherein the film is infrared light-permeable and in addition to transparent or translucent sections also comprises coated film sections, by means of which surfaces of natural stones, wood or plaster can be imitated. The film used largely reflects visible light and allows infrared light to pass through almost undisturbed, with an infrared transmission of greater than or equal to 50%.
    The film is preferably arranged between the layers of the PVM and thus integrated into the PVM.
    In a further embodiment, a plurality of films with transparent and coated film sections are arranged one above the other lying integrated within the photovoltaic module, whereby an even better imitation with color design is possible.
    Brief description of the drawings
    A preferred embodiment of the subject invention will be described below in connection with the accompanying drawings.<Tb> FIG. 1a <SEP> shows a schematic perspective view of a section of a partially assembled photovoltaic module with a film between the protective cover and the front electrode layer, while FIG<Tb> FIG. 1b shows an enlargement of the film surface according to the circle from FIG. 1a.<Tb> FIG. 2 <SEP> shows a schematic perspective view of a photovoltaic module with two integrated foil layers.
    description
    A photovoltaic module 1 has a laminate structure with each other undetachably connected layers of different function. The layers shown here do not form a conclusive list of the layers that can be used in photovoltaic modules 1. A carrier layer 7 serves as a mechanical support for successively applied layers. On the carrier layer 7, a rear electrode layer 6, preferably applied in the form of a metallic electrically conductive layer surface. At the back electrode layer 6, a photovoltaic multilayer silicon layer 5 with a typical dark coloration follows here. This photovoltaic layer 5 comprises a p-layer, a pn-junction and an n-layer, wherein the n-layer is arranged facing away from the back electrode layer 6. The pn junction or pn junction represents a transition between the differently doped silicon layers. Instead of a photovoltaic silicon layer 5, other photovoltaic layers with dark coloring or metallic reflective appearance could be chosen, the appearance of which can be camouflaged as described here.
    As known for solar cells, generated by exposure to radiation free charge carriers are directed by an electric field, which is generated by the pn junction, in different directions, whereby a current flow results in sufficient radiation radiation. On the photovoltaic silicon layer 5, a front-side electrode layer 4 is arranged facing the incident radiation. By means of the front electrode layer 4 and the rear electrode layer 6, which form a sandwich arrangement with the photovoltaic silicon layer 5, generated electrical charge carriers are removed, which can be seen as a current flow. For reasons of stability and to achieve a closed and protected against corrosion photovoltaic module 1, a protective cover layer 2 is arranged. This protective cover layer 2 is designed to be transparent and should transmit electromagnetic radiation as undisturbed as possible so that it reaches the photovoltaic silicon layer 5.
    In order to hide photovoltaic modules 1 and to avoid the appearance of the typical blue-black reflective surface or camouflage the appearance of the photovoltaic modules 1 by imitating or simulating other materials, at least one film 3 is integrated into the PVM here. The film 3 is transparent or translucent in the visible spectral range and also allows infrared radiation to pass as completely as possible. Since, when using the photovoltaic silicon layers 5, especially the infrared component of impinging radiation is used to generate electricity, the film 3 must be permeable to infrared light and have an infrared transmission of greater than or equal to 50%. Preferably, an infrared transmission of the film 3 of greater than 80%. This can be achieved by choosing suitable film material. Infrared range is understood here to be the wavelength range between 300 nm and 2500 nm.
    The film 3 may be arranged on the front electrode layer 4 between the front electrode layer 4 and protective cover layer 2. This is shown schematically in Fig. 1a. The flexible film 3 is inserted between the layers 4, 2 and covers as possible the entire surface of the front electrode layer 4, so that the appearance of the photovoltaic silicon layer 5 is covered over the entire surface. After inserting the film 3, the protective cover layer 2, the photovoltaic module 1 is finally placed and connected the entire device to a laminate structure. The connection of the laminate layers can be done with different adhesives, for example, in a vacuum apparatus.
    The at least one film 3 has transparent sections 300 and coated film sections 301, whereby a pattern 30 can be reached. Due to the isolated transparent portions 300, the photovoltaic layer 5 is at least partially visible through the film 3 therethrough. In the several coated film sections 301, the film 3 is covered with a coating, wherein the coating at least approximately completely reflects, absorbs or scatters light in the visible spectral range and transmits light in the infrared range to at least 50%.
    While the typical dark appearance of the photoactive layer can be recognized by the transparent sections 300 or the typical blue-black appearance of the photovoltaic layer 5 when using silicon solar cells, the transparent sections 300 with the coated film sections 301 form patterns 30 in the visible spectral range out. These patterns 30 may be formed such that surfaces of natural materials are replicated and simulated. The design of the patterns 30 of transparent sections 300 and coated film sections 301 may be designed as desired, with the aim of simulating natural surfaces.
    Since the film 3 is colored in the coated film sections 301 and radiation in the visible spectral region is almost completely reflected or scattered, the coated film sections 301 appear mainly in their color. At the locations of the transparent portions 300, the typical color of the solar cell shines through because the photovoltaic silicon layer 5 shines through. This is indicated here with black circles. Thus, textured or generally structured surfaces can be imitated.
    As a usable plastic film with sufficiently high infrared transmittance and transparency in the visible spectral range, a film of high density polyethylene (HDPE) can be used here. It is crucial that the resulting film is maximally infrared transparent and as transparent as possible in the visible radiation range. The transparent film 3 used should preferably have a transmission coefficient in the infrared range between 300 nm and 2500 nm of at least 80%.
    In the simplest case, the coated film sections 301 can be applied by applying a further film on a film top or bottom of a film. This film is at best infrared transparent and scatters or reflects light in the visible spectral range.
    However, the infrared-transparent coating of the coated film sections 301 can also be achieved by the imprint of colorants on the upper side of the film and / or the lower side of the film. As printing techniques, offset printing, screen printing, laser printing or ink jet printing methods with suitable colorants offer.
    The coatings used may be ink or varnish with different infrared-transparent colorants, which are applied to the underside or top of the film 3. As colorants, for example, chalcogenide pigments, organic pigments or synthetic pigments can be used. Synthetic organic pigments are characterized by high color strength, pure color tones, transparency and low dispersion hardness. Their light fastness, heat resistance and chemical resistance meet the requirements when used in a photovoltaic module 1. Experiments have shown that the thickness of the coating should be between 40 .mu.m and 1000 .mu.m, more preferably between 100 .mu.m and 500 .mu.m, so that a simulation of natural materials on the Surface of the photovoltaic module 1 can be achieved.
    So that natural structures can be recognizably imitated, the lateral diameter of the transparent sections 300 and the coated film sections 301 should be greater than 200 micrometers. In practice, diameters between 500 microns and a few millimeters are advantageous. The area of the coated film sections 301 is usually greater than the area of the transparent sections 300.
    As shown, the transparent portions 300 and the coated film portions 301 are inhomogeneously distributed on the film 3, whereby a surface of a natural building material is replicable.
    Also useful for making the films are the scatter filters in film form as developed by CSEM. Again, a nearly total reflection of the radiation in the visible spectral range of light and the highest possible transparency of the infrared radiation can be achieved.
    As experiments show, good results are achieved with film thicknesses between 25 and 500 micrometers, preferably the film thicknesses used were below 200 micrometers, since then the residual absorption of infrared light is as low as possible. The film 3 must not be too thin, so that a processing by integration of the film 3 in a layered PVM 1 is possible. On the other hand, the film thickness must not be too high, so that as much infrared radiation as possible can pass through the film to the photovoltaic silicon layer 5. Above all, if more than one film layer is used, each of the films 3 should be as thin as possible, with a maximum film thickness of 200 micrometers per layer being sensible when using three film layers.
    If more complex Oberflächenimitationen be achieved, which can be achieved by several colors, several coatings on a film 3 or more films 3 can be used. This is indicated in Fig. 2.
    To still be able to attach these created photovoltaic modules 1 to facade surfaces, the carrier layer 7 may be configured in the form of a thermal insulation panel 7. This thermal insulation board can be made of mineral building materials, expanded glass, aerated concrete or, for example, polystyrene foam. The thickness of the thermal insulation board must be chosen such that a laminated photovoltaic module 1 of sufficient stability can be created. By using a thermal insulation board as a support layer 7, a facade element can be formed from the photovoltaic module 1, which can be attached directly to a facade surface, for example, glued, can be.
    LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
    [0031]<Tb> 1 <September> Photovoltaic module / solar panel<tb> 2 <SEP> Protective cover layer (radiation facing)<Tb> 3 <September> Films<Tb> <September> 30 <September> pattern<tb> <SEP> 300 <SEP> transparent sections<tb> <SEP> 301 <SEP> coated film sections<tb> 4 <SEP> front electrode layer<tb> 5 <SEP> photovoltaic silicon layer<tb> 6 <SEP> back electrode layer<Tb> 7 <September> carrier layer
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    1. photovoltaic module (1), which is constructed in multiple layers and forms an encapsulated unit, wherein the photovoltaic module (1) comprises a photovoltaic layer (5), wherein on the photovoltaic layer (5) a front electrode layer (4) and an overlying protective cover layer ( 2) is arranged laminated and wherein at least one film (3) between the front electrode layer (4) and the protective cover layer (2) as part of the photovoltaic module (1) is arranged laminated, characterized in thatthe at least one film (3) is transparent or translucent and forms isolated transparent sections (300) so that the photovoltaic layer (5) can be seen at least partially through the film (3)and the film (3) is covered in a plurality of coated film sections (301) with a coating, wherein theCoating Light in the visible spectral range at least approximately completely reflects, absorbs or scatters and transmits light in the infrared range to at least 50%,so that the typical blue-black appearance of the photovoltaic layer (5) can be recognized by the transparent sections (300) and, together with coated film sections (301), patterns (30) can be formed in the visible spectral range.
    [2]
    2. Photovoltaic module (1) according to claim 1, wherein the infrared-transparent coating of the coated film sections (301) in the form of applied additional foil layers or colorants on the upper side of the film and / or the lower side of the film is reached.
    [3]
    3. Photovoltaic module (1) according to claim 2, wherein infrared-transparent colorants, for example in the form of ink or lacquer are present.
    [4]
    4. Photovoltaic module (1) according to claim 3, wherein the infrared-transmitting colorants are preferably pigments, for example chalcogenide pigments or organic pigments.
    [5]
    5. Photovoltaic module (1) according to claim 4, wherein the infrared-transparent ink is applied by means of printing processes, for example offset printing, screen printing, laser printing or inkjet technology.
    [6]
    6. Photovoltaic module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the thickness of the coating between 40 .mu.m and 1000 .mu.m, more preferably between 100 .mu.m and 500 .mu.m.
    [7]
    7. Photovoltaic module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one transparent film (3) has a transmission coefficient in the infrared range between 300 nm and 2500 nm of at least 80%.
    [8]
    8. photovoltaic module (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the diameter of the coated film sections (301) is greater than 200 microns, preferably between 500 microns and a few millimeters.
    [9]
    9. Photovoltaic module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one film (3) is made of high density polyethylene.
    [10]
    10. Photovoltaic module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one film (3) has a film thickness between 25 and 500 microns, preferably less than 200 microns.
    [11]
    11. Facade element comprising a photovoltaic module according to one of claims 1 to 10.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CH711102B1|2019-07-31|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2020-10-15| PFA| Name/firm changed|Owner name: RENE SCHMID, CH Free format text: FORMER OWNER: RENE SCHMID, CH |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH00682/15A|CH711102B1|2015-05-18|2015-05-18|Photovoltaic module and facade element with such.|CH00682/15A| CH711102B1|2015-05-18|2015-05-18|Photovoltaic module and facade element with such.|
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